Chapter 3

 

Write very short answer of the following questions.

a)     What was the duration of first generation computer?

Ans: The duration of first generation computer is 1945 to 1955.

b)    Who invented vacuum tube?

Ans: Vacuum tube was invented by Lee Dee Forest in 1908.

c)     What was the operating speed of second generation computer?

Ans: The operating speed of second generation computer was up to microsecond.

d)    Which language was used in third generation computers?

Ans: High Level Language was used in third generation computer.

e)     Who invented Intel 4004 (the first microprocessor)?

Ans: Intel 4004 was invented by an engineer Marcian Ted Hoff in 1971.

f)      Which generation computers supported GUI operating system?

Ans: Fourth generation computers supported GUI operating system.

g)     Write one example of fifth generation computer?

Ans: Robot is an example of fifth generation computer.

Write short answer of the following questions.

a)     How are computer generations classified?

Ans: Computer generations are classified on the basis of main component, their size, processing speed, system architecture etc.

b)    List any two advantages of second generation computers over first generation Computers.

Ans: Two advantages of second generation computers are as follows:

·        Their operating speed was up to microsecond.

·        It is smaller, faster and has high storage capacity then first generation computer.

c)     Differentiate between third and fourth generation computers.

Ans: Different between third and fourth generation computers are as follows:

Third Generation Computer	Fourth Generation Computer
·        They used integrated circuits as main component	·        They used microprocessor as main component
·        Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds	·        Their operating speed was up to picoseconds.
·        Utilized semiconductor memory for primary storage, replacing magnetic core memory.	·         Dramatic increase in memory capacity with the use of advanced semiconductor memory technologies.

d)    Write any four limitations of first generation computers.

Ans: The major limitations of first generation computers are as follows (any four)

1.     The operating speed was very low.

2.     Power consumption was very high.

3.     They required large space for installation.

4.     The Programming capability was quite low.

5.     Quit larger, they generate lot of heat require special housing.

6.     The Medium internal store.

e)     What are the new expectations in the fifth generation computers?

Ans: Fifth generation computers are in developmental stage which is based on the artificial intelligence. The goal of the fifth generation is to develop the device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. They will implement knowledge based problem solving technique and much faster than present computers. So we can say that the fifth generation computers will have the power of human intelligence.

f)      Define the term artificial intelligence.

Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science which deals with listening, reasoning, analyzing, processing and understanding natural languages as human being.

Write long answer of the following questions.

a)      What is computer generation? Discuss different generations of computer with the technologies.

Ans: Computer generation refers to the various stages of development in computer technology, each marked by significant advancements in hardware and software. Here are the details of each generation:

v First Generation

Technology:

·        Utilized vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory..

Examples:

·        ENIAC, UNIVAC.

v Second Generation

Technology:

·        Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.

Examples:

·        IBM 7094, UNIVAC II.

v Third Generation

Technology:

·        Used integrated circuits, combining multiple transistors on a single silicon chip.

Examples:

·        IBM 360, PDP-8.

v Fourth Generation

Technology

·        Introduction of microprocessors, which integrated thousands to millions of transistors on a single chip (VLSI and ULSI technology).

Examples:

·        Apple II, IBM PC.

v Fifth Generation

Technology:

·        Focus on AI and machine learning, utilizing advanced algorithms and processing power.

·        Development of parallel processing and quantum computing technologies.

Examples

·        Advanced robotics, IBM Watson, Google DeepMind.

b)      "The actual use and implementation of computer started after third generations" Justify this statement in your own words.

Ans: The statement that the actual use and implementation of computers started after the third generation can be justified because the third generation of computers, which utilized integrated circuits, brought significant advancements in terms of smaller size, increased processing power, and improved reliability. These advancements made computers more accessible, affordable, and practical for various applications, leading to widespread adoption and utilization in industries, businesses, and everyday life.

Out Question

1. Different between Second Generation Computer and Third Generation Computer

Third Generation Computer	Second Generation Computer
·        They used integrated circuits as main component	·        They used transistor as main component
·        Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds	·        Their operating speed was up to microsecond.