Q.7. write very short answer of the following
question
a.
Who is considered as the father of Computer
Science?
Ans:
Charles Babbage is considered as the father of computer science.
b.
Which generation computer used
microprocessor as main component?
Ans:
Fourth Generation computer used microprocessor as main component.
c.
In which university did Howard Aiken
belong to?
Ans:
Howard Aiken belong to Harvard University.
d.
Who was Dr Herman Hollerith?
Ans:
Dr. Herman Hollerith was an American census statistician who developed
Tabulating machine.
e.
What was the main purpose of Napier's
bone?
Ans:
The main purpose of Napier's bone is to perform calculation of any number.
f.
Which generation computer can take
self decision?
Ans:
Fifth generation computer can take self decision.
g.
Which generation of computer used GUI
operating system?
Ans:
Fourth generation of computer used GUI operating system.
h.
Is IBM 1401 minicomputer?
Ans:
No, IBM 1401 is a mainframe computer.
i.
Who is known as the first computer
programmer?
Ans:
Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is known as the first computer programmer.
j.
Write the major component used in each
generation of computer.
|
Generation |
Main Component |
|
1st |
Vacuum Tube |
|
2nd |
Transistors |
|
3rd |
Integrated Circuits (IC) |
|
4th |
Micro Processor |
|
5th |
Bio Chips |
Ans:
Q.8.
Write short answer of the following question.
a. What is Abacus? What was its main
purpose in early days?
Ans: Abacus is the first manual
calculating device developed by Chinese and Egyptian around 3000 BC.
The main purpose of
abacus in early days was to make their calculation fast and easier.
b. Why is Charles Babbage known as
father of computer science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is known as father
of computer science because he gave the basic concept of computer in analytical
engine.
c. Which is the first computer brought
in Nepal and for what purpose?
Ans: IBM 1401 was the first computer
brought in Nepal to process census data of 2028.
d. Write about the History of Computer
in Nepal in brief.
Ans: There is no any remarkable
contribution of Nepal for the development of computer. Nepal has lately entered
in the computer age. The first computer IBM 1401 was brought in Nepal for the
census of 2028 B.S. In 2031 B.S. His majesty's government established a
separate branch named Data Processing Center for the electronic data processing
purpose. In 2037 B.S. NCC (National Computer Center) started to provide necessary
training and technical support. ICL2950/10 was bought to process the census of
2038.
Government has formed
High Level Commission for Information Technology and also formulated IT
(Information Technology) in 2057. Cyber law was released in 2061 and reviewed
in 2063 B.S. Now The private level organizations and government are playing
important role for the development of ICT in Nepal.
e. What is meant by generations of
computer?
Ans: The development of modern computers took place into
five distinct phases which are known as generations of computer.
f. Write any major features of second
generation computer?
Ans: The major features of second generation computer are
as follows.
i)
Second
generation computers used transistors for circuitry.
ii)
Second
generation computers used magnetic disk and magnetic tape for storage.
iii)
Second
generation computers were smaller, faster and cheaper then first generation
computer.
a. Mention any two disadvantages of
first generation computers.
Ans: Two disadvantages of first generation computers are
as follows:
i)
First
generation computers were large in size and slow in speed.
ii)
First
generation computer required a large amount of electricity to operate and
generated a large amount of heat.
b. What is meant by Artificial
Intelligence?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) means the endowing of
machines with some of the characteristics of intelligence, such as learning,
recognition and reasoning normally associated with humans.
c. Write the difference between third
and fourth generation computers.
Ans: The differences between third and fourth generation
computers are:
|
3rd
Generation |
4th
Generation |
|
a) The
period of third generation was 1964-1971 AD. |
a) The
period of fourth generation is from 1972 to till date. |
|
b) The
main component is IC. |
b) The
main component is Micro Processor. |
|
c) Magnetic disk was used as a storage
unit. |
c) It is very
accurate and versatile. |
|
d) It was more reliable than previous
generations. |
d) It brings great
development in the field of networking. |
Q.9. Write short Notes on the
following.
a. Analytical engine
It was the
second invention of Babbage which was introduced in 1833 AD. The analytical
engine was general purpose mechanical computer.
b. Pascaline
Pascaline
also called as Pascalene is a calculating machine developed by Blaise Pascal in
1642 AD when he was of 19 years. This was the first practical calculating
device.
c. Jacquard's Loom
Joseph
Marie Jacquard, a silk weaver, invented this machine in 1804 AD. This loom was
the first to use punched card with punched holes. Jacquard’s technology was a
real boon to mill owners, but put many loom operators out of work.
d. Atanasoff Berry Computer
The
Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the electro mechanical digital computer built in
1942 AD at Iowa State University by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. This
computer is also called the first digital computer.
e. Abacus
Abacus was
used by the Chinese people to perform calculations. It is being used throughout
the world. It was made up of wooden frame in which rods were fitted across with
round beads sliding on the rod.
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